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    Writing Tips for Articles

    Much like an art form, writing requires skill and dedication. Contrary to popular belief, writers too visualise their writing before they start writing. If you are looking for some pointers that can help you write better articles, here are a few tips to help you better utilize your writing skills:
    Tip 1: The importance of research
    Article writing may not require an exceptional imagination, but you should research and understand your topics before you start writing. If the topic you are working on is relatively new, it is vital to carry out extensive research on the topic. If you are quoting people or statistics, make sure you verify the sources before placing quotes in your articles. In a nutshell, before you start writing keep all your research material in one place. It is also important to have a concrete plan on how you want to approach the topic.
    Tip 2: The framework
    Irrespective of the nature of the article, you should have a framework in mind. If the article is lengthy or complicated, write down the main points on paper and create a brief outline. What differentiates a good writer from an average writer is the writer’s ability to present articles as a single coherent piece of writing.
    Tip 3: Know your audience
    Before you start writing, you should know who is going to be your target audience. If you are writing an article that will be read primarily by doctors, there is no point in trying to keep it simple; doctors are expected to understand articles that use medical jargon. As a rule of thumb, try and keep your articles simple and easy to read (unless you are explicitly asked to use jargon or make the article technical). Similarly, do not use big/difficult words unless you are confident your readers can understand them. A common mistake committed by most amateur writers, is trying to impress their audience by using difficult words. If the reader cannot understand half the words he reads, he will sooner give up reading the article than reach for the dictionary. In a nutshell, it is important to know who will read your articles.
    Tip 4: Keep your sentences short
    There is nothing grammatically incorrect with using long sentences; however, it pays to keep sentences as short as possible. Break down sentences into smaller, readable chunks, this will ensure the sentences are easier to read and also easy to proofread. Sometimes, it is difficult to avoid using longer sentences (a good example being legal articles that are filled with lengthy legal clauses), in such cases use paragraph spacing to divide the article into smaller more readable sections.
    Tip 5: Maintaining focus
    If you have trouble staying focused when you are writing longer articles, make sure you have a writing framework ready. It is not always possible to write an article in a single session; if this is the case, pace your writing, if required set yourself a deadline. Making up a deadline will keep you focused and help you concentrate.
    Tip 6: Keeping a uniform tone
    Maintaining a neutral tone is essential while reviewing products and services. If your article is biased, chances are the reader will not pay much attention to the article. For example, if you are reviewing a cell phone and the first lines of your article read “I love Nokia”, the reader will probably not give much thought to the article. While writing reviews it is important to maintain a neutral tone, and any praise or criticism should usually be reserved for the end of the article. It is important to let the reader form his own opinion; this ensures that your article is read in earnest and your opinion also holds more weight. A neutral tone ensures your writing is appreciated and you have a loyal following of readers.

    Elementary School Career Education - The Need, Basics, Examples, and Guidelines

    According Ediger (2000), elementary school career education is important. Ediger stated that “the elementary school years are not too early to begin to achieve a vision of what one desires to do in life contributing to the world of work”. Without career education, students have unrealistic perceptions of careers due to a lack of knowledge and poor decision making. Students have limited knowledge and exposure to careers. (2,3) When students look at the different industries e.g. sports, media and entertainment, most students underestimate the skills and time required to have successful careers. (3)

    The Basics for Elementary School Career Education Programs

    In career awareness programs, students do not make premature career choices. Elementary school career education is not career exploration or career preparation. Elementary students remain open to new career ideas and possibilities. (7,8,13,15) Elementary students build awareness of self, personal interactions, school, and the workforce. (2,15) Elementary school counselors and teachers build self-awareness, family awareness, school awareness, community awareness, career/ work awareness, attitude development, skill development, decision making strategies, and self-worth. (2,4,11)

    Career awareness programs use age appropriate materials that match the developmental levels of the students. Age appropriate activities expose students to a variety of different jobs, career information sources, and the reasons why people work. Programs also incorporate academic career pathways into classroom activities. According to CareerTec (2000), the preliminary career education skills serve as foundations for future skills. As the students progress, previous skills are reinforced, developed, and expanded. (2,4,11)

    As elementary students get older, the students modify career visions and goals. After completing an elementary school career awareness program, students have higher grades, higher academic achievement, improved school involvement, as well as an increase in career awareness exploration, personal, and interpersonal skills. (1,15) In addition, the students complete more complex courses and have a higher graduation rate from high school. (9)

    In summary, in career programs, students:

    Learn and apply the academic material
    Know and value self
    Build self-esteem and confidence
    Identify interests and build relationships between the school environment and the work force
    Build academic, communication, problem solving, and social skills
    Increase awareness of the need for future jobs skills
    See the connections between learning in school, academic skills, job related skills, and careers
    See career possibilities
    See themselves as a future contributor to the job force
    Receive empowerment
    Build self-determination (2,7,9)

    Examples of Elementary School Career Education Resources

    Career awareness programs widely use tools are the Individual Career Plan (ICP) and the Individual Career Develop Portfolio. According to the Ohio State Department of Education (2000), Individual Career Plans (ICP) are essential for the development of self-awareness, employability skills, decision making and goal setting, community involvement, economics, and the reduction of bias. Students use the Individual Career Plans as they identify and explore initial career goals and educational plans. Elementary students use Individual Career Plan (ICP) to develop skills and to prepare to make future educational and career decisions. (12)

    Another important tool is the Individual Career Develop Portfolio. Individual Career Develop Portfolios are collections of the career awareness activities and experiences that have occurred during the school year. (12) Other elementary school career awareness activities include:

    Artistic displays
    Career Days
    Career Fairs
    Career research
    Career videos
    Collages, murals
    Community speakers
    Educational games
    Family group discussions
    Field trips
    Information interviewing
    Job shadowing
    Library book report
    Mentors
    Poetry
    Phonics
    Pictured dictionary
    Puppets
    Role playing
    Scrapbook
    Story reading
    Student group discussions
    Word search and comprehension activities (8,9,11,12,16)

    Elementary school programs help students build connections between academics and real life situations. (9) Teachers and counselors use career education principles to stress the importance of language arts, mathematics, social studies, and science. Language arts have many uses in the workplace: Reading, writing, and listening skills. The uses for Mathematics include: Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division skills to solve problems. In Social Studies, students gain understanding about other countries, languages, cultures, and the aspects of living in a global marketplace. Students learn the importance of Science having skills to solve problems as well as understanding how science is involved in different industries, such as food, media, agricultural, and automotive industries. (8)

    Guidelines for Elementary Education Career Resources - National Career Development Guidelines

    The NCDG Guidelines is a career knowledge, skills, and decision-making framework. The NCDG framework has three domains, goals, and indicators. Teachers and counselors use the domains, goals, and indicators as guidelines to design and create career resources. The three domains are: Personal Social Development (PS), Educational Achievement and Lifelong Learning (ED), and Career Management (CM). Each domain represents a developmental area in a career education program. Under each domain are goals or competencies. Under each goal, indicators highlight the knowledge and skills needed to achieve the goal. The National Career Development Guidelines (NCDG) is the foundation for career education products, research development, tests and tools. (14)

    Summary

    Elementary school career education programs build self-awareness, family awareness, school awareness, community awareness, career/ work awareness, attitude development, skill development, decision making strategies, and self-worth. Elementary school career awareness programs use age appropriate materials that match the developmental levels of the students. As a results of career education, schools reported that students had higher grades and academic achievement, improvement in school involvement and performance, as well as an increase in career awareness exploration, personal, and interpersonal skills. Career awareness activities include Individual Career Plan (ICP), Individual Career Develop Portfolio (ICDP), Career Days, Career Fairs, Field trips, information interviewing, and library book report.

    References

    1. American Counseling Association, Office of Public Policy and Legislation. (2007). Effectiveness of School Counseling. Alexandria, VA: Author.

    2. Angel, N. Faye; Mooney, Marianne. (1996, December). Work-in-Progress: Career and Work Education for Elementary Students. (ED404516). Cincinnati, OH: Paper presented at the American Vocational Association Convention.

    3. Benning, Cathleen; Bergt, Richard; Sausaman, Pamela. (2003, May). Improving Student Awareness of Careers through a Variety of Strategies. Thesis: Action Research Project. (ED481018). Chicago, Illinois: Saint Xavier University.

    4. Career Tec. (2000). K-12 Career Awareness & Development Sequence [with Appendices, Executive and Implementation Guide]. (ED450219) .Springfield, Il: Author.

    5. Carey, John. (2003, January). What are the Expected Benefits Associated with Implementing a Comprehensive Guidance Program. School counseling Research Brief 1.1. Amherst, MA: Fredrickson Center for School Counseling Outcome Research.

    6. Dare, Donna E.; Maddy-Bernstein, Carolyn. (1999, September). Career Guidance Resource Guide for Elementary and Middle/Junior High School Educators. (ED434216). Berkeley, CA: National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

    7. DuVall, Patricia. (1995).Let’s Get Serious about Career Education for Elementary Students. AACE Bonus Briefs. (ED386603). Hermosa Beach, CA: AACE Bonus Briefs.

    8. Ediger, Marlow. (2000, July). Vocational Education in the Elementary School. (ED442979) Opinion Papers

    9. Gerver, Miriam, Shanley, Judy, O Cummings, Mindee. (2/14/02). Answering the Question EMSTAC Extra Elementary and Middle Schools. Washington, DC: Technical Assistance Center, (EMSTAC).

    10. Hurley, Dan, Ed.; Thorp, Jim, Ed. (2002, May). Decisions without Direction: Career Guidance and Decision-Making among American Youth. (ED465895). Grand Rapids, Michigan: Ferris State University Career Institute for Education and Workforce Development.

    11. Maddy-Bernstein, Carolyn; Dare, Donna E. (1997,December).Career Guidance for Elementary and Middle School Students. Office of Student Services Brief, v9 n1. (ED415353). Berkeley, CA: National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

    12. Ohio Department of Education, Division of Vocational and Career Education, Ohio Career Development Blueprint, Individual Career Plan, K to 5 (ED449322). Columbus, Ohio, 2000

    13. Splete, Howard; Stewart, Amy. (1990). Competency-Based Career Development Strategies and the National Career Development Guidelines. Information Series No. 345. (ED327739). Columbus, Ohio: ERIC Clearinghouse on Education and Training for Employment & Ohio State University

    14. U.S. Department of Education Office of Vocational and Adult Education. (1994, 2004). National Career Development Guidelines (NCDG). Washington, DC: Author.

    15. Williams, Jean A., Ed. (1999, January). Elementary Career Awareness Guide: A Resource for Elementary School Counselors and Teachers. (ED445293). Raleigh, NC: NC Department of Public Instruction, NC Job Ready.

    16. Woal, S. Theodore. (1995). Career Education–The Early Years. AACE Bonus Briefs. (ED386603). Hermosa Beach, CA: AACE Bonus Briefs.

    The Excellent Museums of Aberdeen

    Tourists travelling to the City of Aberdeen are faced with the daunting task of having so many diverse attractions to choose from that they won’t know where to begin. It’s a titillating problem to have, certainly, but it still requires some thought. Those inclined towards culture, art and history cannot go wrong when selecting any of the following excellent museums.

    1. Aberdeen Art Gallery
    Set in an exquisite Victorian Building in Schoolhill, the Aberdeen Art Gallery is open every day, from 2 to 5 p.m. on Sundays and from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. during the rest of the week. Admission is free.

    Inaugurated in 1885, the Aberdeen Art Gallery is to this day one of the city’s most popular tourist attractions. The Art Gallery boasts of a magnificent marble and granite main hall as well as several large rooms adorned with hundreds of paintings and sculptures ranging from Impressionist artworks to modern pieces and works by Scottish Colourists. On a regular basis, many of today’s acclaimed artists stage special exhibits at the Aberdeen Art Gallery.

    The gallery also boasts of a fine collection of antique silverware and decorative works. Visitors can also see contemporary craft and a wide range of decorative art.

    2. The Gordon Highlanders Museum
    Located at St. Lukes on Viewfield Road, the Gordon Highlanders Museum is open for a limited time only each year, mainly from the first Tuesday of April to the last Sunday of October, 1:30 to 4:30 p.m. on Sundays and 10:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. for the rest of the week. The establishment is closed from November to March except for special appointments.

    Though your time frame is limited, the Gordon Highlanders Museum is well worth the visit as it recounts the dramatic story of one of the British Army’s most heralded regiments in stunning detail. The Museum features mementoes from the lives of the regiment’s outstanding personalities, those kilted soldiers from the North East of Scotland, and pays tribute to their accomplishments.

    This small museum is an absolute must for fans of military history and features regular screenings of films on the history of the regiment. Among the items on display is an authentic Nazi flag from Hitler’s staff car.

    Children are welcome to try on a number of replicas of the regiment’s uniforms

    3. The Maritime Museum
    The Scottish Tourist Board rates this historical gem on cobbled Shiprow Street as a five-star attraction. It is open daily from 12 p.m. to 3 p.m. on Sundays and from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. the rest of the week. Admission is free.

    Built in 1593, the Aberdeen Maritime Museum narrates in vivid detail the story of the city’s long relationship with the Sea. This award-winning museum traces Aberdeen’s rich maritime history for over 500 years and covers the lives of prominent personalities who helped shape one of Aberdeen’s signature industries. In addition, it provides a view into the technical side of the maritime industry by focusing on the evolution and technology of ships and oil rigs.

    The Maritime Museum is a series of old buildings comprised of castle-style corridors and elegant staircases that lead to vast enclaves with various room sets, scale models and historical artefacts. There is no other place in the United Kingdom that provides displays on the North Sea oil industry. The museum also offers a spectacular view of the bustling harbour.

    4. The Marischal Museum
    The pride of Broad Street covers over eight centuries of local and world history and is open daily from 2 to 5 p.m. on Sundays and 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. the rest of the week. Admission is free.

    Founded in 1786, the Marischal Museum is the second-largest granite structure in the world. Much of its early collections came from donations by generations of friends and graduates of Marischal University. As a result, the unique collections are of high quality, particularly the Egyptian and Classical antiquities, non-Western ethnography and Scottish prehistory and numismatics that rank alongside the largest in Scotland.

    The lavish displays are encased in several floors of the Marischal College building. They also include artefacts from the Balkans and Tibet as well as insightful relics from the North East of Scotland.

    5. Provost Skene’s House
    At the heart of the City of Granite lies Provost Skene’s House, the city’s oldest surviving townhouse and an absolute architectural wonder.

    Dating back to 1545, Provost Skene’s House is a prime example of early burgh architecture. Inside, visitors can learn more about the city’s historical past through its period room settings, such as the 17th century Great Hall, Parlour and Bedroom, the 18th century Bedroom and Georgian Dining Room and the late 19th century Nursery.

    The house also features a Painted Gallery with an intriguing series of religious paintings, a Costume Gallery that displays the changing fashions of the city’s past and various displays of coins, archaeology and other items of local interest at the top floor.

    The Use of Your Massage Therapy Book

    Massage therapy books come in different types and serves various purposes. It is wrong to think though that a massage therapy book can only be used academically. There are many different uses for a massage therapy book depending on the type of book.

    Career Help

    Some people think its easy being a massage therapist or that it is a great career to pursue. You have to be absolutely certain though of what you are getting yourself into and whether a career in massage therapy is really for you. You can do that by enrolling in introductory massage classes to get a feel of the profession or you could first get your hands on a massage therapy book and save a few dollars. A massage therapy book will tell you if your interest can be converted into a real career path and if taking the introductory classes would be worth the time and expense.

    Basic Instruction

    If you want to be a licensed massage therapists, you need to undergo formal extensive education and training before being allowed to practice complicated and crucial massage therapy techniques. This is especially true if a student is studying to be a medical massage therapist and not just a relaxation masseuse.

    In any case, it is wiser for you to have a massage conducted only by a certified and licensed massage therapy expert. There are some instances though when you can perform basic techniques for personal use. You might want to give your baby a soothing massage or your partner a sensual massage. You can learn how to safely perform such basic techniques from a good massage therapy book for non therapists.

    Academic Use

    There are of course a great many books related to the topic of massage therapy that are used as textbook references for students. The best massage therapy book for academic use would be a book that focuses solely on a specific topic. Most serious and advanced students would have no use for an introductory massage therapy book. Special books on anatomy, pathology and business that are especially suited to massage therapists would be the books to look for.

    Review Books

    Because massage therapy is a field on its own, it needs licensed massage therapists for the practice. This means that you probably won’t be allowed to publicly practice massage techniques if you haven’t taken the board exam. One other important use of a massage therapy book would be to help future therapists review for licensure exams.

    A number of expert authors have already come up with review books for would-be therapists. Most of these books have well organized topics, questions and answers based on the areas of concentration.

    Where to Find

    You can find several types of massage therapy books in bookstores. Online sites however are also good places to scout for a good massage therapy book. Shopping online is almost always easier and more convenient. You can read hundreds of book reviews and forward an order with just a click of a button. The best thing is that you just have to wait for you book to be delivered to your doorstep.

    How to Write an Ebook

    The hardest part of writing is the first sentence. When you look at the whole project, it seems like an impossible task. That’s why you have to break it down into manageable tasks. Think of climbing a mountain. You are standing at the foot of it and looking up at its summit vanishing into the clouds. How can you possibly scale such an immense and dangerous mountain?

    There is only one way to climb a mountain ? step by step.

    Now think of writing your ebook in the same light. You must create it step by step, and one day, you will take that last step and find yourself standing on the summit with your head in the clouds.

    The first thing you have to do, as if you actually were a mountain climber, is to get organized. Instead of climbing gear, however, you must organize your thoughts. There are some steps you should take before you begin. Once you’ve gone through the following list, you will be ready to actually begin writing your ebook.

    Beginning Steps to Writing an ebook

    First, figure out your ebook’s working title. Jot down a few different titles, and eventually, you’ll find that one that will grow on you. Titles help you to focus your writing on your topic; they guide you in anticipating and answering your reader’s queries. Many non-fiction books also have subtitles. Aim for clarity in your titles, but cleverness always helps to sell books ? as long as it’s not too cute. For example, Remedies for Insomnia: twenty different ways to count sheep. Or: Get off that couch: fifteen exercise plans to whip you into shape.

    Next, write out a thesis statement. Your thesis is a sentence or two stating exactly what problem you are addressing and how your book will solve that problem. All chapters spring forth from your thesis statement. Once you’ve got your thesis statement fine-tuned, you’ve built your foundation. From that foundation, your book will grow, chapter by chapter.

    Your thesis will keep you focused while you write your ebook. Remember: all chapters must support your thesis statement. If they don’t, they don’t belong in your book. For example, your thesis statement could read: We’ve all experienced insomnia at times in our lives, but there are twenty proven techniques and methods to give you back a good night’s sleep.

    Once you have your thesis, before you start to write, make sure there is a good reason to write your book. Ask yourself some questions:

    * Does your book present useful information and is that information currently relevant?

    * Will you book positively affect the lives of your readers?

    * Is your book dynamic and will it keep the reader’s attention?

    * Does you book answer questions that are meaningful and significant?

    If you can answer yes to these questions, you can feel confident about the potential of your ebook.

    Another important step is to figure out who your target audience is. It is this group of people you will be writing to, and this group will dictate many elements of your book, such as style, tone, diction, and even length. Figure out the age range of your readers, their general gender, what they are most interested in, and even the socio-economic group they primarily come from. Are they people who read fashion magazines or book reviews? Do they write letters in longhand or spend hours every day online. The more you can pin down your target audience, the easier it will be to write your book for them.

    Next, make a list of the reasons you are writing your ebook. Do you want to promote your business? Do you want to bring quality traffic to your website? Do you want to enhance your reputation?

    Then write down your goals in terms of publishing. Do you want to sell it as a product on your website, or do you want to offer it as a free gift for filling out a survey or for ordering a product? Do you want to use the chapters to create an e-course, or use your ebook to attract affiliates around the world? The more you know upfront, the easier the actual writing will be.

    Decide on the format of your chapters. In non-fiction, keep the format from chapter to chapter fairly consistent. Perhaps you plan to use an introduction to your chapter topic, and then divide it into four subhead topics. Or you may plan to divide it into five parts, each one beginning with a relevant anecdote.

    How to make your ebook “user friendly”

    You must figure out how to keep your writing engaging. Often anecdotes, testimonials, little stories, photos, graphs, advice, and tips will keep the reader turning the pages. Sidebars are useful for quick, accessible information, and they break up the density of the page.

    Write with a casual, conversational tone rather than a formal tone such as textbook diction. Reader’s respond to the feeling that you are having a conversation with them. Break up the length and structure of your sentences so you don?t hypnotize your readers into sleep. Sentences that are all the same length and structure tend to be a good aid for insomnia!

    Good writing takes practice. It takes lots and lots of practice. Make a schedule to write at least a page a day. Read books and magazines about the process of writing, and jot down tips that jump out at you. The art of writing is a lifetime process; the more you write (and read), the better your writing will become. The better your writing becomes, the bigger your sales figures.

    In an ebook that is read on the screen, be aware that you must give your reader’s eye a break. You can do this by utilizing white space. In art classes, white space is usually referred to as “negative space.” Reader’s eyes need to rest in the cool white oasises you create on your page. If your page is too dense, your reader will quit out of it as soon as their eyes begin to tear.

    Make use of lists, both bulleted and numbered. This makes your information easy to absorb, and gives the reader a mental break from dissecting your paragraphs one after the other.

    Finally, decide on an easy-to-read design. Find a font that’s easy on the eyes, and stick to that font family. Using dozens of fonts will only tire your readers out before they’ve gotten past your introduction. Use at least one and a half line spacing, and text large enough to be read easily on the screen, but small enough so that the whole page can be seen on a computer screen. You will have to experiment with this to find the right combination.

    Of course, don’t forget to run a spell and grammar check. You are judged by something as minor as correct punctuation, so don?t mess up a great book by tossing out semicolons randomly, or stringing sentences together with commas. (By the way, that’s called a “comma splice.”)

    Last of all, create an index and a bibliography. That’s it! You’ve written a book! Now all you have to do is publish your ebook online, and wait for download request from your website visitors.